dracut(8) - low-level tool for generating an initramfs/initrd image
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DRACUT(8) dracut DRACUT(8) NAME dracut - low-level tool for generating an initramfs/initrd image SYNOPSIS dracut [OPTION...] [<image> [<kernel version>]] DESCRIPTION Create an initramfs <image> for the kernel with the version <kernel version>. If <kernel version> is omitted, then the version of the actual running kernel is used. If <image> is omitted or empty, then the default location /boot/initramfs-<kernel version>.img is used. dracut creates an initial image used by the kernel for preloading the block device modules (such as IDE, SCSI or RAID) which are needed to access the root filesystem, mounting the root filesystem and booting into the real system. At boot time, the kernel unpacks that archive into RAM disk, mounts and uses it as initial root file system. All finding of the root device happens in this early userspace. Initramfs images are also called "initrd". For a complete list of kernel command line options see dracut.cmdline(7). If you are dropped to an emergency shell, while booting your initramfs, the file /run/initramfs/rdsosreport.txt is created, which can be saved to a (to be mounted by hand) partition (usually /boot) or a USB stick. Additional debugging info can be produced by adding rd.debug to the kernel command line. /run/initramfs/rdsosreport.txt contains all logs and the output of some tools. It should be attached to any report about dracut problems. USAGE To create a initramfs image, the most simple command is: # dracut This will generate a general purpose initramfs image, with all possible functionality resulting of the combination of the installed dracut modules and system tools. The image is /boot/initramfs-<kernel version>.img and contains the kernel modules of the currently active kernel with version <kernel version>. If the initramfs image already exists, dracut will display an error message, and to overwrite the existing image, you have to use the --force option. # dracut --force If you want to specify another filename for the resulting image you would issue a command like: # dracut foobar.img To generate an image for a specific kernel version, the command would be: # dracut foobar.img 2.6.40-1.rc5.f20 A shortcut to generate the image at the default location for a specific kernel version is: # dracut --kver 2.6.40-1.rc5.f20 If you want to create lighter, smaller initramfs images, you may want to specify the --hostonly or -H option. Using this option, the resulting image will contain only those dracut modules, kernel modules and filesystems, which are needed to boot this specific machine. This has the drawback, that you can’t put the disk on another controller or machine, and that you can’t switch to another root filesystem, without recreating the initramfs image. The usage of the --hostonly option is only for experts and you will have to keep the broken pieces. At least keep a copy of a general purpose image (and corresponding kernel) as a fallback to rescue your system. Inspecting the Contents To see the contents of the image created by dracut, you can use the lsinitrd tool. # lsinitrd | less To display the contents of a file in the initramfs also use the lsinitrd tool: # lsinitrd -f /etc/ld.so.conf include ld.so.conf.d/*.conf Adding dracut Modules Some dracut modules are turned off by default and have to be activated manually. You can do this by adding the dracut modules to the configuration file /etc/dracut.conf or /etc/dracut.conf.d/myconf.conf. See dracut.conf(5). You can also add dracut modules on the command line by using the -a or --add option: # dracut --add bootchart initramfs-bootchart.img To see a list of available dracut modules, use the --list-modules option: # dracut --list-modules Omitting dracut Modules Sometimes you don’t want a dracut module to be included for reasons of speed, size or functionality. To do this, either specify the omit_dracutmodules variable in the dracut.conf or /etc/dracut.conf.d/myconf.conf configuration file (see dracut.conf(5)), or use the -o or --omit option on the command line: # dracut -o "multipath lvm" no-multipath-lvm.img Adding Kernel Modules If you need a special kernel module in the initramfs, which is not automatically picked up by dracut, you have the use the --add-drivers option on the command line or the drivers vaiable in the /etc/dracut.conf or /etc/dracut.conf.d/myconf.conf configuration file (see dracut.conf(5)): # dracut --add-drivers mymod initramfs-with-mymod.img Boot parameters An initramfs generated without the "hostonly" mode, does not contain any system configuration files (except for some special exceptions), so the configuration has to be done on the kernel command line. With this flexibility, you can easily boot from a changed root partition, without the need to recompile the initramfs image. So, you could completly change your root partition (move it inside a md raid with encryption and LVM on top), as long as you specify the correct filesystem LABEL or UUID on the kernel command line for your root device, dracut will find it and boot from it. The kernel command line can also be provided by the dhcp server with the root-path option. See the section called “Network Boot”. For a full reference of all kernel command line parameters, see dracut.cmdline(5). To get a quick start for the suitable kernel command line on your system, use the --print-cmdline option: # dracut --print-cmdline root=UUID=8b8b6f91-95c7-4da2-831b-171e12179081 rootflags=rw,relatime,discard,data=ordered rootfstype=ext4 Specifying the root Device This is the only option dracut really needs to boot from your root partition. Because your root partition can live in various environments, there are a lot of formats for the root= option. The most basic one is root=<path to device node>: root=/dev/sda2 Because device node names can change, dependent on the drive ordering, you are encouraged to use the filesystem identifier (UUID) or filesystem label (LABEL) to specify your root partition: root=UUID=19e9dda3-5a38-484d-a9b0-fa6b067d0331 or root=LABEL=myrootpartitionlabel To see all UUIDs or LABELs on your system, do: # ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid or # ls -l /dev/disk/by-label If your root partition is on the network see the section called “Network Boot”. Keyboard Settings If you have to input passwords for encrypted disk volumes, you might want to set the keyboard layout and specify a display font. A typical german kernel command would contain: rd.vconsole.font=latarcyrheb-sun16 rd.vconsole.keymap=de-latin1-nodeadkeys rd.locale.LANG=de_DE.UTF-8 Setting these options can override the setting stored on your system, if you use a modern init system, like systemd. Blacklisting Kernel Modules Sometimes it is required to prevent the automatic kernel module loading of a specific kernel module. To do this, just add rd.blacklist=<kernel module name>, with <kernel module name> not containing the .ko suffix, to the kernel command line. For example: rd.driver.blacklist=mptsas rd.driver.blacklist=nouveau The option can be specified multiple times on the kernel command line. Speeding up the Boot Process If you want to speed up the boot process, you can specify as much information for dracut on the kernel command as possible. For example, you can tell dracut, that you root partition is not on a LVM volume or not on a raid partition, or that it lives inside a specific crypto LUKS encrypted volume. By default, dracut searches everywhere. A typical dracut kernel command line for a plain primary or logical partition would contain: rd.luks=0 rd.lvm=0 rd.md=0 rd.dm=0 This turns off every automatic assembly of LVM, MD raids, DM raids and crypto LUKS. Of course, you could also omit the dracut modules in the initramfs creation process, but then you would lose the posibility to turn it on on demand. Injecting custom Files To add your own files to the initramfs image, you have several possibilities. The --include option let you specify a source path and a target path. For example # dracut --include cmdline-preset /etc/cmdline.d/mycmdline.conf initramfs-cmdline-pre.img will create an initramfs image, where the file cmdline-preset will be copied inside the initramfs to /etc/cmdline.d/mycmdline.conf. --include can only be specified once. # mkdir -p rd.live.overlay/etc/cmdline.d # mkdir -p rd.live.overlay/etc/conf.d # echo "ip=dhcp" >> rd.live.overlay/etc/cmdline.d/mycmdline.conf # echo export FOO=testtest >> rd.live.overlay/etc/conf.d/testvar.conf # echo export BAR=testtest >> rd.live.overlay/etc/conf.d/testvar.conf # tree rd.live.overlay/ rd.live.overlay/ `-- etc |-- cmdline.d | `-- mycmdline.conf `-- conf.d `-- testvar.conf # dracut --include rd.live.overlay / initramfs-rd.live.overlay.img This will put the contents of the rd.live.overlay directory into the root of the initramfs image. The --install option let you specify several files, which will get installed in the initramfs image at the same location, as they are present on initramfs creation time. # dracut --install 'strace fsck.ext3 ssh' initramfs-dbg.img This will create an initramfs with the strace, fsck.ext3 and ssh executables, together with the libraries needed to start those. The --install option can be specified multiple times. Network Boot If your root partition is on a network drive, you have to have the network dracut modules installed to create a network aware initramfs image. If you specify ip=dhcp on the kernel command line, then dracut asks a dhcp server about the ip address for the machine. The dhcp server can also serve an additional root-path, which will set the root device for dracut. With this mechanism, you have static configuration on your client machine and a centralized boot configuration on your TFTP/DHCP server. If you can’t pass a kernel command line, then you can inject /etc/cmdline.d/mycmdline.conf, with a method described in the section called “Injecting custom Files”. Reducing the Image Size To reduce the size of the initramfs, you should create it with by omitting all dracut modules, which you know, you don’t need to boot the machine. You can also specify the exact dracut and kernel modules to produce a very tiny initramfs image. For example for a NFS image, you would do: # dracut -m "nfs network base" initramfs-nfs-only.img Then you would boot from this image with your target machine and reduce the size once more by creating it on the target machine with the --host-only option: # dracut -m "nfs network base" --host-only initramfs-nfs-host-only.img This will reduce the size of the initramfs image significantly. TROUBLESHOOTING If the boot process does not succeed, you have several options to debug the situation. Some of the basic operations are covered here. For more information you should also visit: https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/dracut/dracut.html Identifying your problem area 1. Remove 'rhgb' and 'quiet' from the kernel command line 2. Add 'rd.shell' to the kernel command line. This will present a shell should dracut be unable to locate your root device 3. Add 'rd.shell rd.debug log_buf_len=1M' to the kernel command line so that dracut shell commands are printed as they are executed 4. The file /run/initramfs/rdsosreport.txt is generated, which contains all the logs and the output of all significant tools, which are mentioned later. If you want to save that output, simply mount /boot by hand or insert an USB stick and mount that. Then you can store the output for later inspection. Information to include in your report All bug reports In all cases, the following should be mentioned and attached to your bug report: · The exact kernel command-line used. Typically from the bootloader configuration file (e.g. /boot/grub2/grub.cfg) or from /proc/cmdline. · A copy of your disk partition information from /etc/fstab, which might be obtained booting an old working initramfs or a rescue medium. · Turn on dracut debugging (see the debugging dracut section), and attach the file /run/initramfs/rdsosreport.txt. · If you use a dracut configuration file, please include /etc/dracut.conf and all files in /etc/dracut.conf.d/*.conf Network root device related problems This section details information to include when experiencing problems on a system whose root device is located on a network attached volume (e.g. iSCSI, NFS or NBD). As well as the information from the section called “All bug reports”, include the following information: · Please include the output of # /sbin/ifup <interfacename> # ip addr show Debugging dracut Configure a serial console Successfully debugging dracut will require some form of console logging during the system boot. This section documents configuring a serial console connection to record boot messages. 1. First, enable serial console output for both the kernel and the bootloader. 2. Open the file /boot/grub2/grub.cfg for editing. Below the line 'timeout=5', add the following: serial --unit=0 --speed=9600 terminal --timeout=5 serial console 3. Also in /boot/grub2/grub.cfg, add the following boot arguemnts to the 'kernel' line: console=tty0 console=ttyS0,9600 4. When finished, the /boot/grub2/grub.cfg file should look similar to the example below. default=0 timeout=5 serial --unit=0 --speed=9600 terminal --timeout=5 serial console title Fedora (2.6.29.5-191.fc11.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.29.5-191.fc11.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_uc1-lv_root console=tty0 console=ttyS0,9600 initrd /dracut-2.6.29.5-191.fc11.x86_64.img 5. More detailed information on how to configure the kernel for console output can be found at http://www.faqs.org/docs/Linux-HOWTO/Remote-Serial-Console-HOWTO.html#CONFIGURE-KERNEL. 6. Redirecting non-interactive output Note You can redirect all non-interactive output to /dev/kmsg and the kernel will put it out on the console when it reaches the kernel buffer by doing # exec >/dev/kmsg 2>&1 </dev/console Using the dracut shell dracut offers a shell for interactive debugging in the event dracut fails to locate your root filesystem. To enable the shell: 1. Add the boot parameter 'rd.shell' to your bootloader configuration file (e.g. /boot/grub2/grub.cfg) 2. Remove the boot arguments 'rhgb' and 'quiet' A sample /boot/grub2/grub.cfg bootloader configuration file is listed below. default=0 timeout=5 serial --unit=0 --speed=9600 terminal --timeout=5 serial console title Fedora (2.6.29.5-191.fc11.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.29.5-191.fc11.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_uc1-lv_root console=tty0 rd.shell initrd /dracut-2.6.29.5-191.fc11.x86_64.img 3. If system boot fails, you will be dropped into a shell as seen in the example below. No root device found Dropping to debug shell. # 4. Use this shell prompt to gather the information requested above (see the section called “All bug reports”). Accessing the root volume from the dracut shell From the dracut debug shell, you can manually perform the task of locating and preparing your root volume for boot. The required steps will depend on how your root volume is configured. Common scenarios include: · A block device (e.g. /dev/sda7) · A LVM logical volume (e.g. /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00) · An encrypted device (e.g. /dev/mapper/luks-4d5972ea-901c-4584-bd75-1da802417d83) · A network attached device (e.g. netroot=iscsi:@192.168.0.4::3260::iqn.2009-02.org.example:for.all) The exact method for locating and preparing will vary. However, to continue with a successful boot, the objective is to locate your root volume and create a symlink /dev/root which points to the file system. For example, the following example demonstrates accessing and booting a root volume that is an encrypted LVM Logical volume. 1. Inspect your partitions using parted # parted /dev/sda -s p Model: ATA HTS541060G9AT00 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 60.0GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 10.8GB 107MB primary ext4 boot 2 10.8GB 55.6GB 44.7GB logical lvm 2. You recall that your root volume was a LVM logical volume. Scan and activate any logical volumes. # lvm vgscan # lvm vgchange -ay 3. You should see any logical volumes now using the command blkid: # blkid /dev/sda1: UUID="3de247f3-5de4-4a44-afc5-1fe179750cf7" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda2: UUID="Ek4dQw-cOtq-5MJu-OGRF-xz5k-O2l8-wdDj0I" TYPE="LVM2_member" /dev/mapper/linux-root: UUID="def0269e-424b-4752-acf3-1077bf96ad2c" TYPE="crypto_LUKS" /dev/mapper/linux-home: UUID="c69127c1-f153-4ea2-b58e-4cbfa9257c5e" TYPE="ext3" /dev/mapper/linux-swap: UUID="47b4d329-975c-4c08-b218-f9c9bf3635f1" TYPE="swap" 4. From the output above, you recall that your root volume exists on an encrypted block device. Following the guidance disk encryption guidance from the Installation Guide, you unlock your encrypted root volume. # UUID=$(cryptsetup luksUUID /dev/mapper/linux-root) # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/mapper/linux-root luks-$UUID Enter passphrase for /dev/mapper/linux-root: Key slot 0 unlocked. 5. Next, make a symbolic link to the unlocked root volume # ln -s /dev/mapper/luks-$UUID /dev/root 6. With the root volume available, you may continue booting the system by exiting the dracut shell # exit Additional dracut boot parameters For more debugging options, see dracut.cmdline(7). Debugging dracut on shutdown To debug the shutdown sequence on systemd systems, you can rd.break on pre-shutdown or shutdown. To do this from an already booted system: # mkdir -p /run/initramfs/etc/cmdline.d # echo "rd.debug rd.break=pre-shutdown rd.break=shutdown" > /run/initramfs/etc/cmdline.d/debug.conf # touch /run/initramfs/.need_shutdown This will give you a dracut shell after the system pivot’ed back in the initramfs. OPTIONS --kver <kernel version> set the kernel version. This enables to specify the kernel version, without specifying the location of the initramfs image. For example: # dracut --kver 3.5.0-0.rc7.git1.2.fc18.x86_64 -f, --force overwrite existing initramfs file. -a, --add <list of dracut modules> add a space-separated list of dracut modules to the default set of modules. This parameter can be specified multiple times. Note If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these in quotes. For example: # dracut --add "module1 module2" ... --force-add <list of dracut modules> force to add a space-separated list of dracut modules to the default set of modules, when -H is specified. This parameter can be specified multiple times. Note If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these in quotes. For example: # dracut --force-add "module1 module2" ... -o, --omit <list of dracut modules> omit a space-separated list of dracut modules. This parameter can be specified multiple times. Note If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these in quotes. For example: # dracut --omit "module1 module2" ... -m, --modules <list of dracut modules> specify a space-separated list of dracut modules to call when building the initramfs. Modules are located in /usr/lib/dracut/modules.d. This parameter can be specified multiple times. This option forces dracut to only include the specified dracut modules. In most cases the "--add" option is what you want to use. Note If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these in quotes. For example: # dracut --modules "module1 module2" ... -d, --drivers <list of kernel modules> specify a space-separated list of kernel modules to exclusively include in the initramfs. The kernel modules have to be specified without the ".ko" suffix. This parameter can be specified multiple times. Note If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these in quotes. For example: # dracut --drivers "kmodule1 kmodule2" ... --add-drivers <list of kernel modules> specify a space-separated list of kernel modules to add to the initramfs. The kernel modules have to be specified without the ".ko" suffix. This parameter can be specified multiple times. Note If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these in quotes. For example: # dracut --add-drivers "kmodule1 kmodule2" ... --force-drivers <list of kernel modules> See add-drivers above. But in this case it is ensured that the drivers are tried to be loaded early via modprobe. Note If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these in quotes. For example: # dracut --force-drivers "kmodule1 kmodule2" ... --omit-drivers <list of kernel modules> specify a space-separated list of kernel modules not to add to the initramfs. The kernel modules have to be specified without the ".ko" suffix. This parameter can be specified multiple times. Note If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these in quotes. For example: # dracut --omit-drivers "kmodule1 kmodule2" ... --filesystems <list of filesystems> specify a space-separated list of kernel filesystem modules to exclusively include in the generic initramfs. This parameter can be specified multiple times. Note If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these in quotes. For example: # dracut --filesystems "filesystem1 filesystem2" ... -k, --kmoddir <kernel directory> specify the directory, where to look for kernel modules --fwdir <dir>[:<dir>...]++ specify additional directories, where to look for firmwares. This parameter can be specified multiple times. --kernel-cmdline <parameters> specify default kernel command line parameters --kernel-only only install kernel drivers and firmware files --no-kernel do not install kernel drivers and firmware files --early-microcode Combine early microcode with ramdisk --no-early-microcode Do not combine early microcode with ramdisk --print-cmdline print the kernel command line for the current disk layout --mdadmconf include local /etc/mdadm.conf --nomdadmconf do not include local /etc/mdadm.conf --lvmconf include local /etc/lvm/lvm.conf --nolvmconf do not include local /etc/lvm/lvm.conf --fscks [LIST] add a space-separated list of fsck tools, in addition to dracut.conf's specification; the installation is opportunistic (non-existing tools are ignored) Note If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these in quotes. For example: # dracut --fscks "fsck.foo barfsck" ... --nofscks inhibit installation of any fsck tools --strip strip binaries in the initramfs (default) --nostrip do not strip binaries in the initramfs --hardlink hardlink files in the initramfs (default) --nohardlink do not hardlink files in the initramfs --prefix <dir> prefix initramfs files with the specified directory --noprefix do not prefix initramfs files (default) -h, --help display help text and exit. --debug output debug information of the build process -v, --verbose increase verbosity level (default is info(4)) -q, --quiet decrease verbosity level (default is info(4)) -c, --conf <dracut configuration file> specify configuration file to use. Default: /etc/dracut.conf --confdir <configuration directory> specify configuration directory to use. Default: /etc/dracut.conf.d --tmpdir <temporary directory> specify temporary directory to use. Default: /var/tmp --sshkey <sshkey file> ssh key file used with ssh-client module. --logfile <logfile> logfile to use; overrides any setting from the configuration files. Default: /var/log/dracut.log -l, --local activates the local mode. dracut will use modules from the current working directory instead of the system-wide installed modules in /usr/lib/dracut/modules.d. This is useful when running dracut from a git checkout. -H, --hostonly Host-Only mode: Install only what is needed for booting the local host instead of a generic host and generate host-specific configuration. Warning If chrooted to another root other than the real root device, use "--fstab" and provide a valid /etc/fstab. -N, --no-hostonly Disable Host-Only mode --hostonly-cmdline: Store kernel command line arguments needed in the initramfs --no-hostonly-cmdline: Do not store kernel command line arguments needed in the initramfs --no-hostonly-default-device: Do not generate implicit host devices like root, swap, fstab, etc. Use "--mount" or "--add-device" to explicitly add devices as needed. --hostonly-i18n: Install only needed keyboard and font files according to the host configuration (default). --no-hostonly-i18n: Install all keyboard and font files available. --persistent-policy <policy> Use <policy> to address disks and partitions. <policy> can be any directory name found in /dev/disk. E.g. "by-uuid", "by-label" --fstab Use /etc/fstab instead of /proc/self/mountinfo. --add-fstab <filename> Add entries of <filename> to the initramfs /etc/fstab. --mount "<device> <mountpoint> <filesystem type> [<filesystem options> [<dump frequency> [<fsck order>]]]" Mount <device> on <mountpoint> with <filesystem type> in the initramfs. <filesystem options>, <dump options> and <fsck order> can be specified, see fstab manpage for the details. The default <filesystem options> is "defaults". The default <dump frequency> is "0". the default <fsck order> is "2". --mount "<mountpoint>" Like above, but <device>, <filesystem type> and <filesystem options> are determined by looking at the current mounts. --add-device <device> Bring up <device> in initramfs, <device> should be the device name. This can be useful in hostonly mode for resume support when your swap is on LVM or an encrypted partition. [NB --device can be used for compatibility with earlier releases] -i, --include <SOURCE> <TARGET> include the files in the SOURCE directory into the TARGET directory in the final initramfs. If SOURCE is a file, it will be installed to TARGET in the final initramfs. This parameter can be specified multiple times. -I, --install <file list> install the space separated list of files into the initramfs. Note If [LIST] has multiple arguments, then you have to put these in quotes. For example: # dracut --install "/bin/foo /sbin/bar" ... --install-optional <file list> install the space separated list of files into the initramfs, if they exist. --gzip Compress the generated initramfs using gzip. This will be done by default, unless another compression option or --no-compress is passed. Equivalent to "--compress=gzip -9" --bzip2 Compress the generated initramfs using bzip2. Warning Make sure your kernel has bzip2 decompression support compiled in, otherwise you will not be able to boot. Equivalent to "--compress=bzip2" --lzma Compress the generated initramfs using lzma. Warning Make sure your kernel has lzma decompression support compiled in, otherwise you will not be able to boot. Equivalent to "lzma --compress=lzma -9" --xz Compress the generated initramfs using xz. Warning Make sure your kernel has xz decompression support compiled in, otherwise you will not be able to boot. Equivalent to "lzma --compress=xz --check=crc32 --lzma2=dict=1MiB" --lzo Compress the generated initramfs using lzop. Warning Make sure your kernel has lzo decompression support compiled in, otherwise you will not be able to boot. --lz4 Compress the generated initramfs using lz4. Warning Make sure your kernel has lz4 decompression support compiled in, otherwise you will not be able to boot. --zstd Compress the generated initramfs using Zstandard. Warning Make sure your kernel has zstd decompression support compiled in, otherwise you will not be able to boot. --compress <compressor> Compress the generated initramfs using the passed compression program. If you pass it just the name of a compression program, it will call that program with known-working arguments. If you pass a quoted string with arguments, it will be called with exactly those arguments. Depending on what you pass, this may result in an initramfs that the kernel cannot decompress. The default value can also be set via the INITRD_COMPRESS environment variable. --no-compress Do not compress the generated initramfs. This will override any other compression options. --reproducible Create reproducible images. --no-reproducible Do not create reproducible images. --list-modules List all available dracut modules. -M, --show-modules Print included module’s name to standard output during build. --keep Keep the initramfs temporary directory for debugging purposes. --printsize Print out the module install size --profile: Output profile information of the build process --ro-mnt: Mount / and /usr read-only by default. -L, --stdlog <level> [0-6] Specify logging level (to standard error) 0 - suppress any messages 1 - only fatal errors 2 - all errors 3 - warnings 4 - info 5 - debug info (here starts lots of output) 6 - trace info (and even more) --regenerate-all Regenerate all initramfs images at the default location with the kernel versions found on the system. Additional parameters are passed through. --loginstall <DIR> Log all files installed from the host to <DIR>. --uefi Instead of creating an initramfs image, dracut will create an UEFI executable, which can be executed by an UEFI BIOS. The default output filename is <EFI>/EFI/Linux/linux-$kernel$-<MACHINE_ID>-<BUILD_ID>.efi. <EFI> might be /efi, /boot or /boot/efi depending on where the ESP partition is mounted. The <BUILD_ID> is taken from BUILD_ID in /usr/lib/os-release or if it exists /etc/os-release and is left out, if BUILD_ID is non-existant or empty. --no-machineid affects the default output filename of --uefi and will discard the <MACHINE_ID> part. --uefi-stub <FILE> Specifies the UEFI stub loader, which will load the attached kernel, initramfs and kernel command line and boots the kernel. The default is $prefix/lib/systemd/boot/efi/linux<EFI-MACHINE-TYPE-NAME>.efi.stub or $prefix/lib/gummiboot/linux<EFI-MACHINE-TYPE-NAME>.efi.stub --kernel-image <FILE> Specifies the kernel image, which to include in the UEFI executable. The default is /lib/modules/<KERNEL-VERSION>/vmlinuz or /boot/vmlinuz-<KERNEL-VERSION> ENVIRONMENT INITRD_COMPRESS sets the default compression program. See --compress. FILES /var/log/dracut.log logfile of initramfs image creation /tmp/dracut.log logfile of initramfs image creation, if /var/log/dracut.log is not writable /etc/dracut.conf see dracut.conf5 /etc/dracut.conf.d/*.conf see dracut.conf5 /usr/lib/dracut/dracut.conf.d/*.conf see dracut.conf5 Configuration in the initramfs /etc/conf.d/ Any files found in /etc/conf.d/ will be sourced in the initramfs to set initial values. Command line options will override these values set in the configuration files. /etc/cmdline Can contain additional command line options. Deprecated, better use /etc/cmdline.d/*.conf. /etc/cmdline.d/*.conf Can contain additional command line options. AVAILABILITY The dracut command is part of the dracut package and is available from https://dracut.wiki.kernel.org AUTHORS Harald Hoyer Victor Lowther Philippe Seewer Warren Togami Amadeusz Żołnowski Jeremy Katz David Dillow Will Woods SEE ALSO dracut.cmdline(7) dracut.conf(5) lsinitrd(1) dracut 10/09/2018 DRACUT(8)
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