How do i create a docker container using a dockerfile to run a bash script?

shoebill

Man page for docker build.
Man page for Dockerfile.

The main part here is the CMD command in the Dockerfile, take a look at the man page for Dockerfile for full details.

Create a Dockerfile.

FROM bash:latest

COPY script.sh /

CMD ["bash", "/script.sh"]

Create a script.

#!/bin/bash
echo "Hello World!"

Build the image.

$ docker build -t mybash-script .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  64.99MB
Step 1/3 : FROM bash:latest
latest: Pulling from library/bash
cd784148e348: Already exists 
f4b5283d91eb: Pull complete 
d2127478c6ed: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:f633ed316cef627bcf3e12a6218199bdaea4675cb85902fed104214b2958a856
Status: Downloaded newer image for bash:latest
 ---> ae95a7aa5142
Step 2/3 : COPY script.sh /
 ---> fc83a375c657
Step 3/3 : CMD ["bash", "/script.sh"]
 ---> Running in 6c1873400209
Removing intermediate container 6c1873400209
 ---> 9e90bef7e1d4
Successfully built 9e90bef7e1d4
Successfully tagged mybash-script:latest

Run a container using our image.

$ docker run -it --rm --name bash-container mybash-script          
Hello World!