unzip - list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive



  • UNZIP(1)			     General Commands Manual				 UNZIP(1)
    
    NAME
           unzip - list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive
    
    SYNOPSIS
           unzip  [-Z] [-cflptTuvz[abjnoqsCDKLMUVWX$/:^]] file[.zip] [file(s) ...]	[-x xfile(s) ...]
           [-d exdir]
    
    DESCRIPTION
           unzip will list, test, or extract files from a ZIP archive, commonly found on MS-DOS  sys‐
           tems.   The  default  behavior  (with no options) is to extract into the current directory
           (and subdirectories below it) all files from the specified ZIP archive.	A companion  pro‐
           gram,  zip(1), creates ZIP archives; both programs are compatible with archives created by
           PKWARE's PKZIP and PKUNZIP for MS-DOS, but in many cases the program  options  or  default
           behaviors differ.
    
    ARGUMENTS
           file[.zip]
    	      Path of the ZIP archive(s).  If the file specification is a wildcard, each matching
    	      file is processed in an order determined by the operating system (or file  system).
    	      Only  the filename can be a wildcard; the path itself cannot.  Wildcard expressions
    	      are similar to those supported in commonly used Unix shells (sh, ksh, csh) and  may
    	      contain:
    
    	      *      matches a sequence of 0 or more characters
    
    	      ?      matches exactly 1 character
    
    	      [...]  matches any single character found inside the brackets; ranges are specified
    		     by a beginning character, a hyphen, and an ending character.  If an exclama‐
    		     tion  point or a caret (`!' or `^') follows the left bracket, then the range
    		     of characters within the brackets is complemented (that is, anything  except
    		     the  characters  inside  the  brackets is considered a match).  To specify a
    		     verbatim left bracket, the three-character sequence ``[[]'' has to be used.
    
    	      (Be sure to quote any character that might otherwise be interpreted or modified  by
    	      the  operating  system, particularly under Unix and VMS.)  If no matches are found,
    	      the specification is assumed to be a literal filename; and if that also fails,  the
    	      suffix  .zip  is	appended.   Note that self-extracting ZIP files are supported, as
    	      with any other ZIP archive; just specify the .exe suffix (if any) explicitly.
    
           [file(s)]
    	      An optional list of archive members to be processed,  separated  by  spaces.   (VMS
    	      versions	compiled with VMSCLI defined must delimit files with commas instead.  See
    	      -v in OPTIONS below.)  Regular expressions (wildcards) may be used to match  multi‐
    	      ple  members;  see above.  Again, be sure to quote expressions that would otherwise
    	      be expanded or modified by the operating system.
    
           [-x xfile(s)]
    	      An optional list of archive members to be excluded from processing.  Since wildcard
    	      characters normally match (`/') directory separators (for exceptions see the option
    	      -W), this option may be used to exclude any files that are in subdirectories.   For
    	      example,	``unzip  foo *.[ch] -x */*'' would extract all C source files in the main
    	      directory, but none in any subdirectories.  Without the -x  option,  all	C  source
    	      files in all directories within the zipfile would be extracted.
    
           [-d exdir]
    	      An  optional directory to which to extract files.  By default, all files and subdi‐
    	      rectories are recreated in the current directory; the -d option  allows  extraction
    	      in  an  arbitrary  directory  (always  assuming  one has permission to write to the
    	      directory).  This option need not appear at the end of the command line; it is also
    	      accepted	before	the  zipfile specification (with the normal options), immediately
    	      after the zipfile specification, or between the file(s) and  the	-x  option.   The
    	      option  and directory may be concatenated without any white space between them, but
    	      note that this may cause normal shell behavior to be  suppressed.   In  particular,
    	      ``-d ~''	(tilde)  is  expanded  by  Unix C shells into the name of the user's home
    	      directory, but ``-d~'' is treated as a literal subdirectory ``~''  of  the  current
    	      directory.
    
    OPTIONS
           Note that, in order to support obsolescent hardware, unzip's usage screen is limited to 22
           or 23 lines and should therefore be considered only a reminder of the basic  unzip  syntax
           rather than an exhaustive list of all possible flags.  The exhaustive list follows:
    
           -Z     zipinfo(1)  mode.   If  the  first  option on the command line is -Z, the remaining
    	      options are taken to be zipinfo(1) options.  See the appropriate manual page for	a
    	      description of these options.
    
           -A     [OS/2, Unix DLL] print extended help for the DLL's programming interface (API).
    
           -c     extract  files to stdout/screen (``CRT'').  This option is similar to the -p option
    	      except that the name of each file is printed as it is extracted, the -a  option  is
    	      allowed,	and  ASCII-EBCDIC  conversion  is automatically performed if appropriate.
    	      This option is not listed in the unzip usage screen.
    
           -f     freshen existing files, i.e., extract only those files that already exist  on  disk
    	      and that are newer than the disk copies.	By default unzip queries before overwrit‐
    	      ing, but the -o option may be used to suppress the queries.  Note that  under  many
    	      operating  systems, the TZ (timezone) environment variable must be set correctly in
    	      order for -f and -u to work properly (under Unix the variable is usually set  auto‐
    	      matically).   The reasons for this are somewhat subtle but have to do with the dif‐
    	      ferences between DOS-format file times (always local time)  and  Unix-format  times
    	      (always  in  GMT/UTC)  and the necessity to compare the two.  A typical TZ value is
    	      ``PST8PDT'' (US Pacific time with automatic adjustment for Daylight Savings Time or
    	      ``summer time'').
    
           -l     list  archive files (short format).  The names, uncompressed file sizes and modifi‐
    	      cation dates and times of the specified files are printed, along	with  totals  for
    	      all  files  specified.   If  UnZip was compiled with OS2_EAS defined, the -l option
    	      also lists columns for the sizes of stored OS/2 extended attributes (EAs) and  OS/2
    	      access  control lists (ACLs).  In addition, the zipfile comment and individual file
    	      comments (if any) are displayed.	If a file was archived from  a	single-case  file
    	      system  (for  example, the old MS-DOS FAT file system) and the -L option was given,
    	      the filename is converted to lowercase and is prefixed with a caret (^).
    
           -p     extract files to pipe (stdout).  Nothing but the file data is sent to  stdout,  and
    	      the  files  are always extracted in binary format, just as they are stored (no con‐
    	      versions).
    
           -t     test archive files.  This option extracts each specified file in	memory	and  com‐
    	      pares  the CRC (cyclic redundancy check, an enhanced checksum) of the expanded file
    	      with the original file's stored CRC value.
    
           -T     [most OSes] set the timestamp on the archive(s) to that of the newest file in  each
    	      one.   This  corresponds to zip's -go option except that it can be used on wildcard
    	      zipfiles (e.g., ``unzip -T \*.zip'') and is much faster.
    
           -u     update existing files and create new ones if needed.  This option performs the same
    	      function	as the -f option, extracting (with query) files that are newer than those
    	      with the same name on disk, and in addition it extracts those  files  that  do  not
    	      already  exist on disk.  See -f above for information on setting the timezone prop‐
    	      erly.
    
           -v     list archive files (verbose format) or show diagnostic version info.   This  option
    	      has  evolved and now behaves as both an option and a modifier.  As an option it has
    	      two purposes:  when a zipfile is specified with no other options, -v lists  archive
    	      files  verbosely,  adding  to  the basic -l info the compression method, compressed
    	      size, compression ratio and 32-bit CRC.  In contrast to most of the competing util‐
    	      ities,  unzip  removes the 12 additional header bytes of encrypted entries from the
    	      compressed size numbers.	Therefore, compressed size and compression ratio  figures
    	      are  independent	of the entry's encryption status and show the correct compression
    	      performance.  (The complete size of the encrypted compressed data stream	for  zip‐
    	      file  entries  is reported by the more verbose zipinfo(1) reports, see the separate
    	      manual.)	When no zipfile is specified (that is, the  complete  command  is  simply
    	      ``unzip  -v''),  a  diagnostic screen is printed.  In addition to the normal header
    	      with release date and version, unzip lists the home Info-ZIP ftp site and where  to
    	      find  a  list of other ftp and non-ftp sites; the target operating system for which
    	      it was compiled, as well as (possibly) the hardware on which it was  compiled,  the
    	      compiler	and  version  used,  and  the  compilation  date; any special compilation
    	      options that might affect the program's operation (see also DECRYPTION below);  and
    	      any options stored in environment variables that might do the same (see ENVIRONMENT
    	      OPTIONS below).  As a modifier it works in conjunction with  other  options  (e.g.,
    	      -t)  to produce more verbose or debugging output; this is not yet fully implemented
    	      but will be in future releases.
    
           -z     display only the archive comment.
    
    MODIFIERS
           -a     convert text files.  Ordinarily all files are extracted exactly as they are  stored
    	      (as  ``binary'' files).  The -a option causes files identified by zip as text files
    	      (those with the `t' label in zipinfo listings, rather than `b') to be automatically
    	      extracted  as such, converting line endings, end-of-file characters and the charac‐
    	      ter set itself as necessary.  (For example, Unix files use  line	feeds  (LFs)  for
    	      end-of-line  (EOL)  and  have no end-of-file (EOF) marker; Macintoshes use carriage
    	      returns (CRs) for EOLs; and most PC operating systems use CR+LF for EOLs	and  con‐
    	      trol-Z  for  EOF.  In addition, IBM mainframes and the Michigan Terminal System use
    	      EBCDIC rather than the more common ASCII character set, and NT  supports	Unicode.)
    	      Note  that zip's identification of text files is by no means perfect; some ``text''
    	      files may actually be binary and vice versa.  unzip therefore prints ``[text]''  or
    	      ``[binary]''  as a visual check for each file it extracts when using the -a option.
    	      The -aa option forces all files to be extracted as text, regardless of the supposed
    	      file type.  On VMS, see also -S.
    
           -b     [general]  treat all files as binary (no text conversions).  This is a shortcut for
    	      ---a.
    
           -b     [Tandem] force the creation files with filecode type 180 ('C') when extracting  Zip
    	      entries marked as "text". (On Tandem, -a is enabled by default, see above).
    
           -b     [VMS]  auto-convert  binary  files  (see -a above) to fixed-length, 512-byte record
    	      format.  Doubling the option (-bb) forces all files to be extracted in this format.
    	      When extracting to standard output (-c or -p option in effect), the default conver‐
    	      sion of text record delimiters is disabled for binary (-b) resp. all (-bb) files.
    
           -B     [when compiled with UNIXBACKUP defined] save a  backup  copy  of	each  overwritten
    	      file.  The backup file is gets the name of the target file with a tilde and option‐
    	      ally a unique sequence number (up to 5 digits) appended.	The  sequence  number  is
    	      applied  whenever  another  file	with the original name plus tilde already exists.
    	      When used together with the "overwrite all" option -o, numbered  backup  files  are
    	      never  created.  In this case, all backup files are named as the original file with
    	      an appended tilde, existing backup files are deleted without notice.  This  feature
    	      works similarly to the default behavior of emacs(1) in many locations.
    
    	      Example: the old copy of ``foo'' is renamed to ``foo~''.
    
    	      Warning: Users should be aware that the -B option does not prevent loss of existing
    	      data under all circumstances.  For example, when	unzip  is  run	in  overwrite-all
    	      mode,  an existing ``foo~'' file is deleted before unzip attempts to rename ``foo''
    	      to ``foo~''.  When this rename attempt fails (because of a file locks, insufficient
    	      privileges,  or ...), the extraction of ``foo~'' gets cancelled, but the old backup
    	      file is already lost.  A similar scenario takes  place  when  the  sequence  number
    	      range  for  numbered  backup  files gets exhausted (99999, or 65535 for 16-bit sys‐
    	      tems).  In this case, the backup file with the maximum sequence number  is  deleted
    	      and replaced by the new backup version without notice.
    
           -C     use  case-insensitive  matching  for the selection of archive entries from the com‐
    	      mand-line list of extract selection patterns.  unzip's philosophy is ``you get what
    	      you  ask	for''  (this  is  also responsible for the -L/-U change; see the relevant
    	      options below).  Because some file systems are fully case-sensitive (notably  those
    	      under the Unix operating system) and because both ZIP archives and unzip itself are
    	      portable across platforms, unzip's default behavior is to match both  wildcard  and
    	      literal  filenames  case-sensitively.  That is, specifying ``makefile'' on the com‐
    	      mand line will only match ``makefile'' in the archive, not ``Makefile'' or  ``MAKE‐
    	      FILE'' (and similarly for wildcard specifications).  Since this does not correspond
    	      to the behavior of many other operating/file systems (for example, OS/2 HPFS, which
    	      preserves  mixed	case  but  is  not sensitive to it), the -C option may be used to
    	      force all filename matches to be case-insensitive.  In the example above, all three
    	      files  would  then  match  ``makefile''  (or ``make*'', or similar).  The -C option
    	      affects file specs in both the normal file list and the excluded-file list (xlist).
    
    	      Please note that the -C option does neither affect the search  for  the  zipfile(s)
    	      nor the matching of archive entries to existing files on the extraction path.  On a
    	      case-sensitive file system, unzip will never try to overwrite a file  ``FOO''  when
    	      extracting an entry ``foo''!
    
           -D     skip  restoration  of  timestamps  for  extracted  items.  Normally, unzip tries to
    	      restore all meta-information for extracted items that are supplied in the  Zip  ar‐
    	      chive (and do not require privileges or impose a security risk).	By specifying -D,
    	      unzip is told to suppress restoration of timestamps for directories explicitly cre‐
    	      ated from Zip archive entries.  This option only applies to ports that support set‐
    	      ting timestamps for directories (currently ATheOS, BeOS, MacOS,  OS/2,  Unix,  VMS,
    	      Win32,  for other unzip ports, -D has no effect).  The duplicated option -DD forces
    	      suppression of timestamp restoration for all extracted entries (files and  directo‐
    	      ries).   This option results in setting the timestamps for all extracted entries to
    	      the current time.
    
    	      On VMS, the default setting for this option is -D for consistency with  the  behav‐
    	      iour  of	BACKUP: file timestamps are restored, timestamps of extracted directories
    	      are left at the current time.  To enable restoration of directory  timestamps,  the
    	      negated  option  --D should be specified.  On VMS, the option -D disables timestamp
    	      restoration for all extracted Zip archive items.	(Here, a single -D on the command
    	      line  combines  with  the  default -D to do what an explicit -DD does on other sys‐
    	      tems.)
    
           -E     [MacOS only] display contents of MacOS extra field during restore operation.
    
           -F     [Acorn only] suppress removal of NFS filetype extension from stored filenames.
    
           -F     [non-Acorn systems supporting long filenames with embedded commas, and only if com‐
    	      piled  with ACORN_FTYPE_NFS defined] translate filetype information from ACORN RISC
    	      OS extra field blocks into a NFS filetype extension and append it to the	names  of
    	      the extracted files.  (When the stored filename appears to already have an appended
    	      NFS filetype extension, it is replaced by the info from the extra field.)
    
           -i     [MacOS only] ignore filenames stored in MacOS extra fields. Instead, the most  com‐
    	      patible filename stored in the generic part of the entry's header is used.
    
           -j     junk  paths.   The  archive's  directory	structure is not recreated; all files are
    	      deposited in the extraction directory (by default, the current one).
    
           -J     [BeOS only] junk	file  attributes.   The  file's  BeOS  file  attributes  are  not
    	      restored, just the file's data.
    
           -J     [MacOS  only]  ignore  MacOS extra fields.  All Macintosh specific info is skipped.
    	      Data-fork and resource-fork are restored as separate files.
    
           -K     [AtheOS, BeOS, Unix only] retain SUID/SGID/Tacky	file  attributes.   Without  this
    	      flag, these attribute bits are cleared for security reasons.
    
           -L     convert to lowercase any filename originating on an uppercase-only operating system
    	      or file system.  (This was unzip's default behavior in releases prior to 5.11;  the
    	      new  default behavior is identical to the old behavior with the -U option, which is
    	      now obsolete and will be removed in a future release.)  Depending on the	archiver,
    	      files  archived  under  single-case file systems (VMS, old MS-DOS FAT, etc.) may be
    	      stored as all-uppercase names; this can be ugly or inconvenient when extracting  to
    	      a  case-preserving  file	system	such as OS/2 HPFS or a case-sensitive one such as
    	      under Unix.  By default unzip lists and extracts such filenames exactly as  they're
    	      stored  (excepting  truncation,  conversion  of unsupported characters, etc.); this
    	      option causes the names of all files from certain systems to be converted to lower‐
    	      case.   The -LL option forces conversion of every filename to lowercase, regardless
    	      of the originating file system.
    
           -M     pipe all output through an internal pager similar to the Unix more(1) command.   At
    	      the end of a screenful of output, unzip pauses with a ``--More--'' prompt; the next
    	      screenful may be viewed by pressing the Enter (Return) key or the space bar.  unzip
    	      can  be terminated by pressing the ``q'' key and, on some systems, the Enter/Return
    	      key.  Unlike Unix more(1), there is no  forward-searching  or  editing  capability.
    	      Also,  unzip  doesn't  notice  if long lines wrap at the edge of the screen, effec‐
    	      tively resulting in the printing of two or more lines and the likelihood that  some
    	      text  will  scroll  off the top of the screen before being viewed.  On some systems
    	      the number of available lines on the screen is not detected, in  which  case  unzip
    	      assumes the height is 24 lines.
    
           -n     never  overwrite	existing files.  If a file already exists, skip the extraction of
    	      that file without prompting.  By default unzip queries before extracting	any  file
    	      that  already exists; the user may choose to overwrite only the current file, over‐
    	      write all files, skip extraction of the current file, skip extraction of all exist‐
    	      ing files, or rename the current file.
    
           -N     [Amiga]  extract	file comments as Amiga filenotes.  File comments are created with
    	      the -c option of zip(1), or with the -N option of the Amiga port of  zip(1),  which
    	      stores filenotes as comments.
    
           -o     overwrite  existing files without prompting.  This is a dangerous option, so use it
    	      with care.  (It is often used with -f, however, and is the only  way  to	overwrite
    	      directory EAs under OS/2.)
    
           -P password
    	      use  password  to  decrypt  encrypted  zipfile entries (if any).	THIS IS INSECURE!
    	      Many multi-user operating systems provide ways for any user to see the current com‐
    	      mand line of any other user; even on stand-alone systems there is always the threat
    	      of over-the-shoulder peeking.  Storing the plaintext password as part of a  command
    	      line in an automated script is even worse.  Whenever possible, use the non-echoing,
    	      interactive prompt to enter passwords.  (And where security is truly important, use
    	      strong  encryption  such	as  Pretty  Good  Privacy  instead of the relatively weak
    	      encryption provided by standard zipfile utilities.)
    
           -q     perform operations quietly (-qq = even quieter).	Ordinarily unzip prints the names
    	      of  the  files it's extracting or testing, the extraction methods, any file or zip‐
    	      file comments that may be stored in the archive, and possibly a summary  when  fin‐
    	      ished with each archive.	The -q[q] options suppress the printing of some or all of
    	      these messages.
    
           -s     [OS/2, NT, MS-DOS] convert spaces in filenames to underscores.  Since all PC  oper‐
    	      ating  systems  allow spaces in filenames, unzip by default extracts filenames with
    	      spaces intact (e.g., ``EA DATA. SF'').  This can be awkward, however, since  MS-DOS
    	      in  particular does not gracefully support spaces in filenames.  Conversion of spa‐
    	      ces to underscores can eliminate the awkwardness in some cases.
    
           -S     [VMS] convert text files (-a, -aa) into Stream_LF record	format,  instead  of  the
    	      text-file default, variable-length record format.  (Stream_LF is the default record
    	      format of VMS unzip. It is applied unless conversion (-a, -aa and/or  -b,  -bb)  is
    	      requested or a VMS-specific entry is processed.)
    
           -U     [UNICODE_SUPPORT	only]  modify or disable UTF-8 handling.  When UNICODE_SUPPORT is
    	      available, the option -U forces unzip to escape all non-ASCII characters from UTF-8
    	      coded  filenames	as  ``#Uxxxx'' (for UCS-2 characters, or ``#Lxxxxxx'' for unicode
    	      codepoints needing 3 octets).  This option is mainly provided for debugging purpose
    	      when the fairly new UTF-8 support is suspected to mangle up extracted filenames.
    
    	      The  option  -UU	allows to entirely disable the recognition of UTF-8 encoded file‐
    	      names.  The handling of filename codings within unzip falls back to  the	behaviour
    	      of previous versions.
    
    	      [old,  obsolete usage] leave filenames uppercase if created under MS-DOS, VMS, etc.
    	      See -L above.
    
           -V     retain (VMS) file version numbers.  VMS files can be stored with a version  number,
    	      in  the  format  file.ext;##.  By default the ``;##'' version numbers are stripped,
    	      but this option allows them to be retained.  (On file systems that limit	filenames
    	      to  particularly	short  lengths,  the version numbers may be truncated or stripped
    	      regardless of this option.)
    
           -W     [only when WILD_STOP_AT_DIR  compile-time  option  enabled]  modifies  the  pattern
    	      matching	routine so that both `?' (single-char wildcard) and `*' (multi-char wild‐
    	      card) do not match the  directory  separator  character  `/'.   (The  two-character
    	      sequence ``**'' acts as a multi-char wildcard that includes the directory separator
    	      in its matched characters.)  Examples:
    
    	   "*.c" matches "foo.c" but not "mydir/foo.c"
    	   "**.c" matches both "foo.c" and "mydir/foo.c"
    	   "*/*.c" matches "bar/foo.c" but not "baz/bar/foo.c"
    	   "??*/*" matches "ab/foo" and "abc/foo"
    		   but not "a/foo" or "a/b/foo"
    
    	      This modified behaviour is equivalent to the pattern matching  style  used  by  the
    	      shells  of  some	of  UnZip's  supported target OSs (one example is Acorn RISC OS).
    	      This option may not be available on systems where the Zip archive's internal direc‐
    	      tory  separator  character  `/' is allowed as regular character in native operating
    	      system filenames.  (Currently, UnZip uses the same pattern matching rules for  both
    	      wildcard	zipfile  specifications  and  zip entry selection patterns in most ports.
    	      For systems allowing `/' as regular filename character, the  -W  option  would  not
    	      work as expected on a wildcard zipfile specification.)
    
           -X     [VMS,  Unix, OS/2, NT, Tandem] restore owner/protection info (UICs and ACL entries)
    	      under VMS, or user and group info (UID/GID) under Unix,  or  access  control  lists
    	      (ACLs)  under  certain  network-enabled  versions of OS/2 (Warp Server with IBM LAN
    	      Server/Requester 3.0 to 5.0; Warp Connect with IBM  Peer	1.0),  or  security  ACLs
    	      under  Windows  NT.  In most cases this will require special system privileges, and
    	      doubling the option (-XX) under NT instructs unzip to use  privileges  for  extrac‐
    	      tion; but under Unix, for example, a user who belongs to several groups can restore
    	      files owned by any of those groups, as long as the user IDs match his or	her  own.
    	      Note that ordinary file attributes are always restored--this option applies only to
    	      optional, extra ownership info available on some operating systems.   [NT's  access
    	      control  lists do not appear to be especially compatible with OS/2's, so no attempt
    	      is made at cross-platform portability of access privileges.  It is not clear  under
    	      what conditions this would ever be useful anyway.]
    
           -Y     [VMS]  treat  archived  file  name  endings of ``.nnn'' (where ``nnn'' is a decimal
    	      number) as if they were VMS version numbers (``;nnn'').  (The default is	to  treat
    	      them as file types.)  Example:
    		   "a.b.3" -> "a.b;3".
    
           -$     [MS-DOS,	OS/2,  NT] restore the volume label if the extraction medium is removable
    	      (e.g., a diskette).  Doubling the option (-$$) allows fixed media (hard  disks)  to
    	      be labelled as well.  By default, volume labels are ignored.
    
           -/ extensions
    	      [Acorn  only]  overrides the extension list supplied by Unzip$Ext environment vari‐
    	      able. During extraction, filename extensions that match one of the  items  in  this
    	      extension list are swapped in front of the base name of the extracted file.
    
           -:     [all  but  Acorn, VM/CMS, MVS, Tandem] allows to extract archive members into loca‐
    	      tions outside of the current `` extraction root  folder''.  For  security  reasons,
    	      unzip  normally  removes ``parent dir'' path components (``../'') from the names of
    	      extracted file.  This safety feature (new for version  5.50)  prevents  unzip  from
    	      accidentally  writing  files  to	``sensitive'' areas outside the active extraction
    	      folder tree head.  The -: option lets unzip switch back to its previous, more  lib‐
    	      eral  behaviour,	to  allow  exact extraction of (older) archives that used ``../''
    	      components to create multiple directory trees at the level of the  current  extrac‐
    	      tion  folder.  This option does not enable writing explicitly to the root directory
    	      (``/'').	To achieve this, it is necessary to set the extraction target  folder  to
    	      root  (e.g. -d / ).  However, when the -: option is specified, it is still possible
    	      to implicitly write to the root directory by specifying enough ``../'' path  compo‐
    	      nents within the zip archive.  Use this option with extreme caution.
    
           -^     [Unix only] allow control characters in names of extracted ZIP archive entries.  On
    	      Unix, a file name may contain any (8-bit) character code with the two exception '/'
    	      (directory  delimiter)  and  NUL (0x00, the C string termination indicator), unless
    	      the specific file system has more restrictive conventions.  Generally, this  allows
    	      to embed ASCII control characters (or even sophisticated control sequences) in file
    	      names, at least on 'native' Unix file systems.  However, it may  be  highly  suspi‐
    	      cious  to  make  use  of	this Unix "feature".  Embedded control characters in file
    	      names might have nasty side effects when displayed on screen by some  listing  code
    	      without sufficient filtering.  And, for ordinary users, it may be difficult to han‐
    	      dle such file names (e.g. when trying to specify it for open, copy, move, or delete
    	      operations).  Therefore, unzip applies a filter by default that removes potentially
    	      dangerous control characters from the extracted file names. The -^ option allows to
    	      override this filter in the rare case that embedded filename control characters are
    	      to be intentionally restored.
    
           -2     [VMS] force unconditionally conversion of file names to ODS2-compatible names.  The
    	      default  is  to  exploit	the destination file system, preserving case and extended
    	      file name characters on an ODS5 destination file system; and applying the ODS2-com‐
    	      patibility file name filtering on an ODS2 destination file system.
    
    ENVIRONMENT OPTIONS
           unzip's	default  behavior  may be modified via options placed in an environment variable.
           This can be done with any option, but it is probably most useful with the -a, -L, -C,  -q,
           -o, or -n modifiers:  make unzip auto-convert text files by default, make it convert file‐
           names from uppercase systems to lowercase, make it match names case-insensitively, make it
           quieter,  or  make  it always overwrite or never overwrite files as it extracts them.  For
           example, to make unzip act as quietly as possible, only reporting errors,  one  would  use
           one of the following commands:
    
    	 Unix Bourne shell:
    	      UNZIP=-qq; export UNZIP
    
    	 Unix C shell:
    	      setenv UNZIP -qq
    
    	 OS/2 or MS-DOS:
    	      set UNZIP=-qq
    
    	 VMS (quotes for lowercase):
    	      define UNZIP_OPTS "-qq"
    
           Environment  options  are,  in  effect,	considered to be just like any other command-line
           options, except that they are effectively the first options on the command line.  To over‐
           ride  an  environment  option,  one  may  use  the  ``minus  operator'' to remove it.  For
           instance, to override one of the quiet-flags in the example above, use the command
    
           unzip --q[other options] zipfile
    
           The first hyphen is the normal switch character, and the second is a minus sign, acting on
           the q option.  Thus the effect here is to cancel one quantum of quietness.  To cancel both
           quiet flags, two (or more) minuses may be used:
    
           unzip -t--q zipfile
           unzip ---qt zipfile
    
           (the two are equivalent).  This may seem awkward or confusing, but it is reasonably  intu‐
           itive:	just  ignore  the first hyphen and go from there.  It is also consistent with the
           behavior of Unix nice(1).
    
           As suggested by the examples above, the default variable  names	are  UNZIP_OPTS  for  VMS
           (where  the  symbol used to install unzip as a foreign command would otherwise be confused
           with the environment variable), and UNZIP for all other operating systems.   For  compati‐
           bility with zip(1), UNZIPOPT is also accepted (don't ask).  If both UNZIP and UNZIPOPT are
           defined, however, UNZIP takes precedence.  unzip's diagnostic option (-v with  no  zipfile
           name)  can  be used to check the values of all four possible unzip and zipinfo environment
           variables.
    
           The timezone variable (TZ) should be set according to the local timezone in order for  the
           -f  and -u to operate correctly.  See the description of -f above for details.  This vari‐
           able may also be necessary to get timestamps of extracted files to be set correctly.   The
           WIN32 (Win9x/ME/NT4/2K/XP/2K3) port of unzip gets the timezone configuration from the reg‐
           istry, assuming it is correctly set in the Control Panel.  The TZ variable is ignored  for
           this port.
    
    DECRYPTION
           Encrypted  archives  are  fully	supported  by Info-ZIP software, but due to United States
           export restrictions, de-/encryption support might be disabled  in  your	compiled  binary.
           However, since spring 2000, US export restrictions have been liberated, and our source ar‐
           chives do now include full crypt code.  In case you need binary distributions  with  crypt
           support	enabled, see the file ``WHERE'' in any Info-ZIP source or binary distribution for
           locations both inside and outside the US.
    
           Some compiled versions of unzip may not support decryption.  To check a version for  crypt
           support,  either  attempt  to  test or extract an encrypted archive, or else check unzip's
           diagnostic screen (see the -v option above) for ``[decryption]'' as  one  of  the  special
           compilation options.
    
           As noted above, the -P option may be used to supply a password on the command line, but at
           a cost in security.  The preferred decryption method is simply to extract normally;  if	a
           zipfile	member	is  encrypted, unzip will prompt for the password without echoing what is
           typed.  unzip continues to use the same password as long as it appears  to  be  valid,  by
           testing a 12-byte header on each file.  The correct password will always check out against
           the header, but there is a 1-in-256 chance that an incorrect password will as well.  (This
           is  a  security feature of the PKWARE zipfile format; it helps prevent brute-force attacks
           that might otherwise gain a large speed advantage by testing only  the  header.)   In  the
           case  that  an incorrect password is given but it passes the header test anyway, either an
           incorrect CRC will be generated for the extracted data or else unzip will fail during  the
           extraction  because  the  ``decrypted''	bytes  do  not constitute a valid compressed data
           stream.
    
           If the first password fails the header check on some file, unzip will prompt  for  another
           password, and so on until all files are extracted.  If a password is not known, entering a
           null password (that is, just a carriage return or ``Enter'') is taken as a signal to  skip
           all  further  prompting.   Only	unencrypted  files  in	the archive(s) will thereafter be
           extracted.  (In fact, that's not quite true; older  versions  of  zip(1)  and  zipcloak(1)
           allowed	null  passwords,  so unzip checks each encrypted file to see if the null password
           works.  This may result in ``false positives'' and extraction errors, as noted above.)
    
           Archives encrypted with 8-bit passwords (for example,  passwords  with  accented  European
           characters) may not be portable across systems and/or other archivers.  This problem stems
           from the use of multiple encoding methods for  such  characters,  including  Latin-1  (ISO
           8859-1) and OEM code page 850.  DOS PKZIP 2.04g uses the OEM code page; Windows PKZIP 2.50
           uses Latin-1 (and is therefore incompatible with DOS PKZIP); Info-ZIP uses  the	OEM  code
           page on DOS, OS/2 and Win3.x ports but ISO coding (Latin-1 etc.) everywhere else; and Nico
           Mak's WinZip 6.x does not allow 8-bit passwords at all.	UnZip 5.3 (or newer) attempts  to
           use  the default character set first (e.g., Latin-1), followed by the alternate one (e.g.,
           OEM code page) to test passwords.  On EBCDIC systems, if both of these fail, EBCDIC encod‐
           ing will be tested as a last resort.  (EBCDIC is not tested on non-EBCDIC systems, because
           there are no known archivers that encrypt using EBCDIC encoding.)  ISO character encodings
           other  than  Latin-1  are  not  supported.  The new addition of (partially) Unicode (resp.
           UTF-8) support in UnZip 6.0 has not yet been adapted to the encryption  password  handling
           in  unzip.   On	systems  that  use UTF-8 as native character encoding, unzip simply tries
           decryption with the native UTF-8 encoded password; the  built-in  attempts  to  check  the
           password  in translated encoding have not yet been adapted for UTF-8 support and will con‐
           sequently fail.
    
    EXAMPLES
           To use unzip to extract all members of the archive letters.zip into the current	directory
           and subdirectories below it, creating any subdirectories as necessary:
    
           unzip letters
    
           To extract all members of letters.zip into the current directory only:
    
           unzip -j letters
    
           To  test letters.zip, printing only a summary message indicating whether the archive is OK
           or not:
    
           unzip -tq letters
    
           To test all zipfiles in the current directory, printing only the summaries:
    
           unzip -tq \*.zip
    
           (The backslash before the asterisk is only required if the shell expands wildcards, as  in
           Unix;  double  quotes  could have been used instead, as in the source examples below.)  To
           extract to standard output all members of letters.zip whose names end in  .tex,	auto-con‐
           verting to the local end-of-line convention and piping the output into more(1):
    
           unzip -ca letters \*.tex | more
    
           To  extract  the  binary file paper1.dvi to standard output and pipe it to a printing pro‐
           gram:
    
           unzip -p articles paper1.dvi | dvips
    
           To extract all FORTRAN and C source files--*.f, *.c,  *.h,  and	Makefile--into	the  /tmp
           directory:
    
           unzip source.zip "*.[fch]" Makefile -d /tmp
    
           (the  double  quotes  are  necessary  only in Unix and only if globbing is turned on).  To
           extract all FORTRAN and C source files, regardless of case (e.g., both *.c  and	*.C,  and
           any makefile, Makefile, MAKEFILE or similar):
    
           unzip -C source.zip "*.[fch]" makefile -d /tmp
    
           To  extract  any such files but convert any uppercase MS-DOS or VMS names to lowercase and
           convert the line-endings of all of the files to the local standard (without respect to any
           files that might be marked ``binary''):
    
           unzip -aaCL source.zip "*.[fch]" makefile -d /tmp
    
           To  extract  only  newer  versions  of the files already in the current directory, without
           querying (NOTE:	be careful of unzipping in one timezone a zipfile created in another--ZIP
           archives other than those created by Zip 2.1 or later contain no timezone information, and
           a ``newer'' file from an eastern timezone may, in fact, be older):
    
           unzip -fo sources
    
           To extract newer versions of the files already in the current directory and to create  any
           files not already there (same caveat as previous example):
    
           unzip -uo sources
    
           To display a diagnostic screen showing which unzip and zipinfo options are stored in envi‐
           ronment variables, whether decryption support was compiled in,  the  compiler  with  which
           unzip was compiled, etc.:
    
           unzip -v
    
           In  the	last five examples, assume that UNZIP or UNZIP_OPTS is set to -q.  To do a singly
           quiet listing:
    
           unzip -l file.zip
    
           To do a doubly quiet listing:
    
           unzip -ql file.zip
    
           (Note that the ``.zip'' is generally not necessary.)  To do a standard listing:
    
           unzip --ql file.zip
           or
           unzip -l-q file.zip
           or
           unzip -l--q file.zip
           (Extra minuses in options don't hurt.)
    
    TIPS
           The current maintainer, being a lazy sort, finds it  very  useful  to  define  a  pair  of
           aliases:   tt  for  ``unzip  -tq'' and ii for ``unzip -Z'' (or ``zipinfo'').  One may then
           simply type ``tt zipfile'' to test an archive, something that is worth making a	habit  of
           doing.	With  luck  unzip  will  report  ``No  errors detected in compressed data of zip‐
           file.zip,'' after which one may breathe a sigh of relief.
    
           The maintainer also finds it useful to set the UNZIP environment variable to  ``-aL''  and
           is tempted to add ``-C'' as well.  His ZIPINFO variable is set to ``-z''.
    
    DIAGNOSTICS
           The  exit  status (or error level) approximates the exit codes defined by PKWARE and takes
           on the following values, except under VMS:
    
    	      0      normal; no errors or warnings detected.
    
    	      1      one or more warning errors were encountered, but processing  completed  suc‐
    		     cessfully	anyway.   This	includes  zipfiles  where  one	or more files was
    		     skipped due to unsupported compression method or encryption with an  unknown
    		     password.
    
    	      2      a	generic  error	in  the zipfile format was detected.  Processing may have
    		     completed	successfully  anyway;  some  broken  zipfiles  created	by  other
    		     archivers have simple work-arounds.
    
    	      3      a	severe	error  in  the	zipfile format was detected.  Processing probably
    		     failed immediately.
    
    	      4      unzip was unable to allocate memory for one or more buffers  during  program
    		     initialization.
    
    	      5      unzip  was  unable  to allocate memory or unable to obtain a tty to read the
    		     decryption password(s).
    
    	      6      unzip was unable to allocate memory during decompression to disk.
    
    	      7      unzip was unable to allocate memory during in-memory decompression.
    
    	      8      [currently not used]
    
    	      9      the specified zipfiles were not found.
    
    	      10     invalid options were specified on the command line.
    
    	      11     no matching files were found.
    
    	      50     the disk is (or was) full during extraction.
    
    	      51     the end of the ZIP archive was encountered prematurely.
    
    	      80     the user aborted unzip prematurely with control-C (or similar)
    
    	      81     testing or extraction of one or more files failed due  to	unsupported  com‐
    		     pression methods or unsupported decryption.
    
    	      82     no files were found due to bad decryption password(s).  (If even one file is
    		     successfully processed, however, the exit status is 1.)
    
           VMS interprets standard Unix (or PC) return values as other,  scarier-looking  things,  so
           unzip  instead  maps them into VMS-style status codes.  The current mapping is as follows:
           1 (success) for normal exit, 0x7fff0001 for warning  errors,  and  (0x7fff000?  +  16*nor‐
           mal_unzip_exit_status)  for  all other errors, where the `?' is 2 (error) for unzip values
           2, 9-11 and 80-82, and 4 (fatal error) for the remaining ones (3-8, 50, 51).  In addition,
           there is a compilation option to expand upon this behavior:  defining RETURN_CODES results
           in a human-readable explanation of what the error status means.
    
    BUGS
           Multi-part archives are not yet supported, except in conjunction  with  zip.   (All  parts
           must  be  concatenated together in order, and then ``zip -F'' (for zip 2.x) or ``zip -FF''
           (for zip 3.x) must be performed on the concatenated archive in order to ``fix'' it.  Also,
           zip  3.0 and later can combine multi-part (split) archives into a combined single-file ar‐
           chive using ``zip -s- inarchive -O outarchive''.  See the  zip  3  manual  page	for  more
           information.)  This will definitely be corrected in the next major release.
    
           Archives read from standard input are not yet supported, except with funzip (and then only
           the first member of the archive can be extracted).
    
           Archives encrypted with 8-bit passwords (e.g., passwords with  accented	European  charac‐
           ters)  may  not	be portable across systems and/or other archivers.  See the discussion in
           DECRYPTION above.
    
           unzip's -M (``more'') option tries to take into account automatic wrapping of long  lines.
           However, the code may fail to detect the correct wrapping locations. First, TAB characters
           (and similar control sequences) are not taken into account, they are handled  as  ordinary
           printable  characters.	Second,  depending  on the actual system / OS port, unzip may not
           detect the true screen geometry but rather rely on  "commonly  used"  default  dimensions.
           The  correct  handling  of tabs would require the implementation of a query for the actual
           tabulator setup on the output console.
    
           Dates, times and permissions of stored directories are not restored except under Unix. (On
           Windows NT and successors, timestamps are now restored.)
    
           [MS-DOS]  When extracting or testing files from an archive on a defective floppy diskette,
           if the ``Fail'' option is chosen from DOS's ``Abort, Retry, Fail?''  message,  older  ver‐
           sions of unzip may hang the system, requiring a reboot.	This problem appears to be fixed,
           but control-C (or control-Break) can still be used to terminate unzip.
    
           Under DEC Ultrix, unzip would sometimes fail on long zipfiles (bad CRC, not always  repro‐
           ducible).  This was apparently due either to a hardware bug (cache memory) or an operating
           system bug (improper handling of page faults?).	Since Ultrix has been abandoned in  favor
           of Digital Unix (OSF/1), this may not be an issue anymore.
    
           [Unix]  Unix special files such as FIFO buffers (named pipes), block devices and character
           devices are not restored even if they are somehow represented  in  the  zipfile,  nor  are
           hard-linked  files  relinked.  Basically the only file types restored by unzip are regular
           files, directories and symbolic (soft) links.
    
           [OS/2] Extended attributes for existing directories are only updated if	the  -o  (``over‐
           write  all'')  option  is  given.   This  is a limitation of the operating system; because
           directories only have a creation time associated with them, unzip has no way to	determine
           whether the stored attributes are newer or older than those on disk.  In practice this may
           mean a two-pass approach is required:  first unpack the archive normally (with or  without
           freshening/updating  existing  files),  then  overwrite	just the directory entries (e.g.,
           ``unzip -o foo */'').
    
           [VMS] When extracting to another directory, only the [.foo] syntax is accepted for the  -d
           option;	the simple Unix foo syntax is silently ignored (as is the less common VMS foo.dir
           syntax).
    
           [VMS] When the file being extracted already exists, unzip's query  only	allows	skipping,
           overwriting  or renaming; there should additionally be a choice for creating a new version
           of the file.  In fact, the ``overwrite'' choice does create a new version; the old version
           is not overwritten or deleted.
    
    SEE ALSO
           funzip(1), zip(1), zipcloak(1), zipgrep(1), zipinfo(1), zipnote(1), zipsplit(1)
    
    URL
           The Info-ZIP home page is currently at
           http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/
           or
           ftp://ftp.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/ .
    
    AUTHORS
           The  primary Info-ZIP authors (current semi-active members of the Zip-Bugs workgroup) are:
           Ed Gordon (Zip, general maintenance, shared code, Zip64, Win32, Unix, Unicode);	Christian
           Spieler	(UnZip maintenance coordination, VMS, MS-DOS, Win32, shared code, general Zip and
           UnZip integration and optimization); Onno van der Linden (Zip); Mike White (Win32, Windows
           GUI, Windows DLLs); Kai Uwe Rommel (OS/2, Win32); Steven M. Schweda (VMS, Unix, support of
           new features); Paul Kienitz (Amiga, Win32, Unicode); Chris Herborth  (BeOS,  QNX,  Atari);
           Jonathan  Hudson  (SMS/QDOS);  Sergio  Monesi (Acorn RISC OS); Harald Denker (Atari, MVS);
           John Bush (Solaris, Amiga); Hunter Goatley (VMS, Info-ZIP Site maintenance); Steve  Salis‐
           bury  (Win32);  Steve Miller (Windows CE GUI), Johnny Lee (MS-DOS, Win32, Zip64); and Dave
           Smith (Tandem NSK).
    
           The following people were former members of the Info-ZIP development  group  and  provided
           major  contributions  to key parts of the current code: Greg ``Cave Newt'' Roelofs (UnZip,
           unshrink decompression); Jean-loup  Gailly  (deflate  compression);  Mark  Adler  (inflate
           decompression, fUnZip).
    
           The  author of the original unzip code upon which Info-ZIP's was based is Samuel H. Smith;
           Carl Mascott did the first Unix port; and David P.  Kirschbaum organized and led  Info-ZIP
           in  its early days with Keith Petersen hosting the original mailing list at WSMR-SimTel20.
           The full list of contributors to UnZip has grown quite large; please refer to the CONTRIBS
           file in the UnZip source distribution for a relatively complete version.
    
    VERSIONS
           v1.2   15 Mar 89   Samuel H. Smith
           v2.0    9 Sep 89   Samuel H. Smith
           v2.x   fall 1989   many Usenet contributors
           v3.0    1 May 90   Info-ZIP (DPK, consolidator)
           v3.1   15 Aug 90   Info-ZIP (DPK, consolidator)
           v4.0    1 Dec 90   Info-ZIP (GRR, maintainer)
           v4.1   12 May 91   Info-ZIP
           v4.2   20 Mar 92   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
           v5.0   21 Aug 92   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
           v5.01  15 Jan 93   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
           v5.1    7 Feb 94   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
           v5.11   2 Aug 94   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
           v5.12  28 Aug 94   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
           v5.2   30 Apr 96   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
           v5.3   22 Apr 97   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
           v5.31  31 May 97   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
           v5.32   3 Nov 97   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
           v5.4   28 Nov 98   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
           v5.41  16 Apr 00   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
           v5.42  14 Jan 01   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
           v5.5   17 Feb 02   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
           v5.51  22 May 04   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
           v5.52  28 Feb 05   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
           v6.0   20 Apr 09   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
    
    Info-ZIP			       20 April 2009 (v6.0)				 UNZIP(1)
    

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